CHAPTER ONE    第一章

GENERAL TERMS    总则

1.   General references:    一般事项：

1.1.   "International Mahjong Rules" is a general term of all the Articles related herein, and is also referred to as "IMJ Rules". For the purpose of easy reference, "International Mahjong Rules" is hereinafter referred to as "These Rules".    "国际麻将规则"是本文件内所有规则条文的总称。为了便于陈述，"国际麻将规则"在本文件范围内亦称为"本规则"。

1.2.   Any mahjong game declared to be played in accordance with These Rules shall be referred to as "International Mahjong Game", or simply "International Mahjong". Any stipulation not included in These Rules shall not be referred to in International Mahjong.    凡按照本规则进行的麻将游戏得称为"国际麻将游戏"，或简称"国际麻将"。任何不包含在本规则内的游戏规范均不适用于国际麻将。

2.   The instrument used to play with in International Mahjong is called MAHJONG PAI, or simply PAI. Pais are made either in the form of solid blocks called tiles, or in the form of flat sheets called cards. Only one form of pais may be used to play with in each individual occasion of game. Except as stated otherwise, all stipulations of These Rules shall apply to all games played with the use of either mahjong tiles or mahjong cards.    在进行国际麻将游戏时使用的器具称为"麻将牌"，或简称"牌"。牌可以是立体形式的砖块麻将，亦可以是扁平形式的卡片麻将，唯每盘游戏只可用一种形式的牌进行。除特别指明外，本规则的所有条文对使用不同形式的牌进行的游戏均适用。

3.   Notwithstanding art. 1.2, additional terms and conditions in the form of "attachment rules" may be set in a public or open event of International Mahjong.    在公开进行的国际麻将活动中，可以用"附加规则"的形式制定附加条款，而不受第1.2条影响。

CHAPTER TWO    第二章

DEFINITIONS    定义

4.   The mahjong pais used to play with in International Mahjong consist of a total of 144 pieces, which are divided into several groups as specified below. In addition, the symbols, colours, titles and code names of the pais are uniquely specified as per details set out in Schedule One of These Rules.    国际麻将使用的麻将牌共有144张，按照以下规范分成不同组别。另外，每张牌的图形，颜色，名称和代号都有特定规范，其细节则详载于本规则的"附件一"内。

4.1.   Group One: The Serials, consisting of three suits called the Tans, the Soks and the Wans. Each of these suits contains pais titled 1 through 9 with four identical pieces per title, thus making a total of 36 pieces of each suit, and 108 pieces of the whole group:    第一组：序数牌，含三种花色分别称为筒子，索子和万子，每一花色均包含名称为1至9的牌各4张，故每一花色共有36张，全组共有108张：

(1)   The Tans: Titled 1 Tan, 2 Tan, through 9 Tan;    筒子：名称分别为1筒，2筒，至9筒；

(2)   The Soks: Titled 1 Sok, 2 Sok, through 9 Sok; and    索子：名称分别为1索，2索，至9索；及

(3)   The Wans: Titled 1 Wan, 2 Wan, through 9 Wan.    万子：名称分别为1万，2万，至9万。

4.2.   Group Two: The Honours, consisting of two suits in a total of 28 pieces, as follows:    第二组：番子，由下列二种花色共28张组成：

(1)   The Dragons: Titled White Dragon, Green Dragon and Red Dragon, each having four identical pieces, making a total of 12 pieces;    三元牌：含白，发，中各4张，共12张；

(2)   The Winds: Titled East, South, West and North, each having four identical pieces, making a total of 16 pieces. For the purposes of These Rules where pais of the Winds are to be identified in sequence, East, South, West and North shall each be assigned the sequential number of 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.    风牌：含东，南，西，北各4张，共16张。在本规则其它条文中，当风牌须以序数表示时，东，南，西，北各牌得分别以1，2，3，及4编配。

4.3.   Group Three: The Flowers, consisting of two sets, each being titled 1 through 4 with one piece per title, thus making a total of 8 pieces:    第三组：花牌，包括两种花色，每种花色由名称为1至4的牌各1张组成，故花牌总数为8张：

(1)   Blue Flowers: Titled Blue 1, Blue 2, Blue 3 and Blue 4; and    蓝花：名称分别为蓝1，蓝2，蓝3及蓝4；及

(2)   Red Flowers: Titled Red 1, Red 2, Red 3 and Red 4.    红花：名称分别为红1，红2，红3及红4。

5.   Each of the following terms shall have its specific meaning if used in International Mahjong:    以下词组在国际麻将中使用时均有其特定的意义：

5.1.   EVENT: An event is an occasion or the whole period of playing in which no change of players has occurred.    牌局：牌局是指一个完整的游戏过程而其间参与游戏的人并无改变。

5.2.   WINNING HAND: A winning hand is a hand of pais having met the requirements of a winning hand as per art. 19.    胡牌：胡牌是指已经按照第19条规定达到符合成为胡牌的要求的一手牌。

5.3.   SCORE AND SCORING CHART: Scores are used to settle the loss or gain payable or receivable between players. Scores are represented in units of MAHJONG DOLLAR, or in its short form: MADO. The Standard Scoring Chart in art. 30.1 is the standard scoring system adopted in International Mahjong.    绩分和绩分表：绩分是用以结算各人之间须要支付或收取的输分或赢分。绩分的标准数量单位是麻将元，或简称马吊。第30.1条所列的"标准绩分表"是国际麻将采用的标准绩分结算系统。

5.4.   GAME: A game is a complete process of a short playing period that must be ended in a result involving the paying and receiving of scores.    盘：一盘游戏是指一段短暂的游戏过程而其完结必须涉及绩分的付出和收受。

5.5.   JONGA: A jonga of a game is the player who is assigned the right and duty to be the first to obtain pais and the first to discard a pai in the game.    庄家：一盘游戏的庄家是指在该盘游戏中拥有第一名取牌和第一名出牌的权利和责任的人。

5.6.   ROUND: A round is a completion of several games in which all players have tried and retired to be a jonga.    圈：一圈是指一定盘数的游戏的完满结束而其中所有人都已尝试和完成作为庄家的职务。

5.7.   FOUR ROUNDS: The term "four rounds", or its multiple, is used to represent a period of a complete playing process.    四圈：四圈，或其倍数，是用以表示一段完整的游戏时段。

5.8.   STARTER: The starter of a four-round period is the jonga of the first game of the period.    起庄：每四圈游戏时段的起庄是指该时段中第一盘游戏的庄家。

5.9.   With reference to the sitting position of each and every player, the player on his right is called his NEXTA, on his opposite side his OPPOSA, and on his left his LEFTA.    任何人以其自身所处位置作为参考点，坐在其右边的人是其"下家"，坐在其正对面的人是其"对家"，坐在其左边的人是其"上家"。

5.10.   PAIR: A pair of pais is defined as a set of two identical pais of any kind, unless specified otherwise.    对子：除另有注明之外，一对子是指两张相同的牌。

5.11.   EYES: Eyes are defined as a set of two identical pais of any kind in a winning hand that are independent of other combination of pais in the hand. In These Rules when "a set of eyes" is quoted it shall always mean "a pair of eyes".    眼：眼是指在胡牌中特定的，独立于其它牌子的两张相同的牌的组合。在本规则中，"一组眼"就是"一对眼"的意思。

5.12.   CHOW: A chow is defined as a set of three consecutive pais of the Serials of the same kind. (Verb: to chow; chowed.)    顺子：是指三张相连属于同一花色的序数牌的组合。（用于动词时：上牌。）

5.13.   PUNG: A pung is defined as a set of three identical pais of any kind. (Verb: to pung; punged.)    刻子：是指三张相同的任一花色的牌子的组合。（用于动词时：碰牌。）

5.14.   KONG: A kong is defined as a set of four identical pais of any kind. (Verb: to kong; konged.)    杠：是指四张相同的任一花色的牌子的组合。（用于动词时：开杠。）

5.15.   A HAND of a player is defined as all pais in the possession of the player, including pais disclosed but kept in his display line and pais that are concealed, as well as pai obtainable in his turn of move. The portion of pais that are concealed is called the CONCEALED HAND of the player.    一人的"手牌"是指该人拥有的所有牌子，包括已显露并摆放在自己前面的牌，在手内未有显露的牌和按照行牌顺序而可以获取的牌在内。在手内未有显露的牌得称为该人的"暗牌"。

5.16.   Where applicable and only if agreed upon between the players at the beginning of an event, the AGREED LOWEST RANK is the lowest rank (grade value) a hand must achieve before it can be qualified as a winning hand and the AGREED HIGHEST RANK is the highest rank based on which a winning hand is allowed to claim for scores. [Explanatory note: Such an agreement is not mandatory. Please refer to art. 7 for details.]    若适用时，一牌局中的"协定的最低番数"是指一手牌在符合胡牌条件之前必须达到的最低的番数（番值），而"协定的最高番数"是指一手胡牌所能申报获取绩分的最高的番数。以上各项只在各人在牌局开始时预先协议订定之后有效。[解释性说明：该项协议不是必定需要的。详情请参阅第7条。]

5.17.   TERMINAL(s): Pais of the Serials that are titled "1" and "9" collectively.    纯幺九：是指所有序数牌中名称为1和9的牌的统称。

5.18.   UNIO(s): Pais of the Serials that are titled "1" and "9" and of all of the Honours collectively.    幺九：是指所有序数牌中名称为1和9的牌及所有番子的统称。

5.19.   SELFMAKE: Win upon drawing by oneself. (e.g. He has selfmade. Verb: to selfmake; selfmade.)    自摸：自己抓牌之后随即完成胡牌称为自摸。

5.20.   CHUCKER: One who has exposed a pai for other player to win in a game is called a "chucker". (e.g. Player A has won on a chucker / Player B has chucked, i.e., "B" has discarded/exposed a pai for "A" to win the game.) (Verb: to chuck; chucked.)    炮手：打出或显露一张牌之后而另一人随即以该打出或显露的牌成胡牌，则该打牌或露牌的人称为炮手。（用于动词时：出铳。）

5.21.   TOO MANY: A situation of a player in which his hand has more than the exact number of pais required if he were to win under art. 19.1.    大相公：当一人手上的牌的数目比若按照第19.1条完成胡牌时应有的数目为多时，则称为大相公。

5.22.   TOO FEW: A situation of a player in which his hand has less than the exact number of pais required if he were to win under art. 19.1.    小相公：当一人手上的牌的数目比若按照第19.1条完成胡牌时应有的数目为少时，则称为小相公。

6.   Following items are accessories used in International Mahjong. The structural specifications of these items may vary but each item shall have its function as specified below:-    下列物件是进行国际麻将游戏时使用的物件。这些物件的个别设计规格或有不同，但其个别功能应和以下所列的相符：

6.1.   START INDICATOR 1 piece, which is used to indicate the starter of a four-round period. Preferably the Standard Scoring Chart is printed on it.    起庄指示器1只，用以标示每四圈游戏时段的起庄的位置。起庄指示器最好能同时印上标准绩分表。

6.2.   JONG INDICATOR 1 piece, which is used to indicate the jonga of the current game. The jong indicator shall also display the Round Number in which the current game is in progress.    庄家指示器1只，用以标示目前一盘游戏的庄家的位置。庄家指示器应能同时显示当时游戏的圈数。

6.3.   DICE 3 pieces, which are used when it is needed to determine how the pais are to be drawn before starting of a four-round period and at the beginning of each game.    骰子3只，是在需要时透过掷骰以确定在每四圈游戏时段或每一盘的开始时各人取牌的安排。

6.4.   CHIPS are optional tool used to represent the value of scores.    筹码是一项可以随意选用的工具，用以表示绩分的数值。

6.5.   GAME TABLE 1 piece. Game table is used when the game is played with mahjong tiles. If the game is played with mahjong cards, the use of game table is optional.    牌桌1只。牌桌适用于以砖块麻将牌进行的游戏。若游戏以卡片麻将牌进行时，牌桌的使用则可随意。

CHAPTER THREE    第三章

STARTING PROCEDURES    开始步骤

7.   International Mahjong is played by four players. Before the start of an event, the prerequisite settings of the event are discussed among the players and once adopted, the settings shall be in effect throughout the whole event. For the purposes of this article, the following stipulations shall apply:    国际麻将得由四人进行。在每一牌局开始前，各人得商议和确定适用于整个牌局的一些基本准则。在执行本条规定时，下列规范得视为当然适用：

7.1.   The prerequisite settings under this article shall be adopted in a competition event where scores of players are recorded for the purposes of establishing personal achievements. For the purpose of reference convenience, these settings shall be cited "Article 7.1 Settings".    若一项比赛牌局需要将各人的绩分作一纪录以评定每人的个人成就，则本条所列的基本准则自动适用于该比赛牌局。为了便于陈述，本条所列的基本准则得称为"第7.1条准则"。

(1)   The length of playing time shall be set to last for eight rounds only;    游戏时间应限于八圈；

(2)   A winning hand of any grade value is allowed; and    允许任可番值的胡牌；及

(3)   An initial score of 20,000 mados shall be allocated to each player.    在牌局开始前每人得配授相等于20,000马吊的绩分。

7.2.   Notwithstanding any prerequisite settings adopted in any event, for the purposes of determining the ranking of a winning hand, the following stipulations shall apply:    在任何牌局中不论适用于该牌局的基本准则为何，在确定一胡牌的番数时下列条款适用：

(1)   Except to win under art. 19.2, a hand of a rank lower than that of the agreed lowest rank, if any, is not recognized as a winning hand.    除了按照第19.2条成胡牌之外，当协议的最少番数适用于该牌局时，若一手牌的番数低于协定的最低番数，则该手牌不算是胡牌。

(2)   A hand of a rank higher than that of the agreed highest rank, if any, is allowed and is awarded up to the agreed highest rank only.    当协议的最高番数适用于该牌局时，若一手牌的番数高于协定的最高番数，则该手牌仍可成为胡牌，但却只能按照协议的最高番数获取绩分。

(3)   If no agreed highest rank is set, a winning hand shall be awarded up to the highest rank listed on the Standard Scoring Chart (art. 30.1) as if this is the agreed highest rank set.    当一牌局不设协定的最高番数时，任何胡牌最高只可获取按照标准绩分表（第30.1条）中相对于最高番数的绩分，尤如表中的最高番数便是该牌局的协议的最高番数一样。

7.3.   In events other than as prescribed in art. 7.1, the prerequisite settings of the event shall be the same or be discussed among the players and adopted as desired by the participating players. Once adopted, the settings shall be in effect throughout the whole event. In the absence of a decision to this effect, the prerequisite settings of art. 7.1 shall apply.    除了按照第7.1条的规定外，所有牌局的基本准则可以和第7.1条的规定相同，亦可以由参与游戏的人通过讨论和协议确定适用于该牌局。一经确认，所有准则应对整个牌局过程适用。若在牌局前没有讨论和确认适用于该牌局的基本准则，则第7.1条的基本准则自动适用于该牌局。

8.   At the beginning of every four-round period of an event, all players must undergo a procedure to determine their sitting positions. This procedure is called CHOOSING SEATS and is detailed below:    在牌局的每一四圈时段的开始时，各人须通过一项程序以确定个别的座位序号。该项程序得称为"执位"而其细节则详列如下：

8.1.   To proceed for the first four-round period of an event:    在牌局的第一个四圈时段的执位过程中：

(1)   all players shall gather around the table by random;    所有人须随意围着牌桌而立；

(2)   four different pais of the Winds are then selected, faced downwards, shuffled thoroughly and stacked in one column;    然后选出东，南，西，北风牌各一张并将其牌面向下，经过充分洗牌之后搭成一栋；

(3)   any one player shall then cast the three dice, and count anti-clockwise from him as number 1 until the player counted with the cast number is found;    此时任一人可掷出三只骰子，并从掷骰的人开始以逆时针方向点算每一人，直至点到和掷骰所得点数相符的人为止；

(4)   the player counted with the cast number shall now take the pai on the top of the stacked column, and each of the other three players, in the order of anti-clockwise direction and from top of the column, also takes one pai;    此时，与掷骰点数相符的人得从搭起的风牌中抓取最高的一张，其余三人得按逆时针方向顺序，从搭起的牌子由上而下各取一张风牌；

(5)   finally, the player who gets the East shall first choose any seat of his desire;    最后，取得东风牌的人可按其意愿选择任一座位；

(6)   the other three players must then sit according to the pais they get, i.e. the one who gets the South shall sit on the right of the one who gets the East, and so on.    其他人则须按照所取得的风牌依次就座：取得南风牌的人须坐在取得东风牌的人的右边，如类推。

8.2.   In case choosing seats is performed for the start of a new four-round period after the end of the previous four rounds, the player who has won the last game shall cast the dice and all players shall remain in seats before the dice are being cast. If no one has won the last game but it is completed with a result involving paying and receiving of scores, the player who receives the jonga status in accordance with art. 12 shall cast the dice. After the cast of the dice, the steps for each player to obtain a pai and be assigned a seat are the same as those stipulated in articles 8.1(4) through (6). In case the pais so obtained by the players result in the same sitting sequence as before, the procedure must be repeated again. In any case, the result of the fourth attempt is final.    若执位是由于先前的四圈时段的完结和另一四圈时段的开始，则所有人须原位就座，而在最后一盘游戏中成功胡牌的人得进行掷骰的工作。若最后一盘游戏没有胡牌的人而只在涉及绩分收授的情况下终结，则掷骰的工作得由按照第12条的规定取得庄家称号的人执行。掷骰之后，各人的取牌和就座的方法和第8.1（4）至（6）条的规定相同。若执位结果导致各人的座位顺序和未执位前相同，则上述过程得重复进行。在任何情况下，进行第四次掷骰后所得的结果得自动生效。

9.   [Reserved empty article.]    [本条保留空白。]

CHAPTER FOUR    第四章

DEALING OF PAIS    发牌

10.   After the procedures of choosing seats, the play shall further proceed. The following procedures demonstrate how pais are being dealt, and shall be followed in the order as listed.    执位完成之后，游戏得继续进行。以下步骤详列发牌的过程，而每一步骤得按照所列次序顺次执行。

10.1.   SHUFFLING THE PAIS: All players shall participate in this process. To begin, all pais are turned face downwards and all players shuffle them thoroughly so that they cannot be recognized anymore.    洗牌：所有人得参与执行。开始时，各人将所有牌子反转令牌面向下，然后将牌子随意搓动，使其混合透切而无法辨认。

10.2.   STACKING THE PAIS: After enough shuffling, all players begin to stack the pais. Each player shall stack a two-storey WALL of pais, side by side with 18 pais in length and 2 pais in height. All players then push his wall of pais to the middle of the table, in a slope slightly leaning to the left, ideally with the right end of the wall pointing to the rare quarter portion of the wall on the right, such that all four walls of pais shall form a small enclosed square in the middle of the table.    码牌：经过适当时间的洗牌之后，各人开始码牌。每人将码入的牌子建成一道高为两张牌宽为十八张牌的牌墙，并将牌墙推向牌桌中央。各人的牌墙的放置，应以左边稍为向内倾斜，而各自牌墙的右端指向右边牌墙的四分一尾段，令四度牌墙在牌桌中央形成一细小的方形为理想。

10.3.   CASTING THE DICE: During the play the dice are cast by a specific player under one of the two circumstances below:    掷骰：在游戏的过程中掷骰的工作得由指定的人按照下列二者之一的规定进行：

(1)   If a game is the first one of a four-round period, the dice shall be cast by the player who gets the pai of the East as specified in art. 8, this player then counts anti-clockwise, starting with him as number 1, until the cast number reaches a player - the latter is then called the STARTER of the four rounds and is also the jonga of the first game. The start indicator as described in art. 6.1 shall now be placed at his left corner of the table, and the wall of pais stacked by him is then defined as the STARTING WALL.    若游戏是一四圈时段的第一盘，掷骰的工作得由按照第8条取得东风牌的人执行，其后该人得从自己开始以逆时针方向点算每一人，直至到达和掷骰点数相符的人为止，这时该名和掷骰点数相符的人便成为该四圈游戏的"起庄"，亦是第一盘游戏的庄家。同时，第6.1条所述的起庄指示器须放在该人的左角落，而该人所建立的牌墙得称为"起庄牌墙"。

(2)   If a game is a new one as the continuation of the play, the dice shall be cast by the jonga of the game, who may then count anti-clockwise, starting with his wall of pais as number 1, until the cast number reaches a wall, which is then defined as the starting wall.    在其它情况下一盘游戏的开始时，掷骰的工作得由该局游戏的庄家执行，掷骰后庄家得从自己建立的牌墙开始以逆时针方向点算每人所建立的牌墙，直至到达和掷骰点数相符的牌墙为止，并将该牌墙定为起庄牌墙。

10.4.   DEALING THE PAIS: The dealing of pais shall be led by the jonga of the game:-    发牌：发牌的过程得由庄家带引：

(1)   To start, the jonga counts in the clockwise direction the columns of pais on the starting wall until the cast number reaches a column of pais. This column shall be defined as the TAIL, and the next column of pais is called the HEAD.    开始时，庄家在起庄牌墙上以顺时针方向点算每一栋牌，直至到达和掷骰点数相符的一栋牌为止。这时，和掷骰点数相符的一栋牌得称为"牌尾"，而再往前点算的另一栋牌得称为"牌头"。

(2)   When dealing the pais the pais must be drawn from the head and in the clockwise direction on the starting wall and on to a subsequent wall. The jonga first draws two columns of 4 pais, then his nexta does, and so on, until every player has 12 pais in hand. The jonga then draws the upper pais on the 1st and 3rd columns. Each of the other three players continues to draw one pai more in the normal order. By now the jonga shall have a total number of 14 pais and each of the other players shall have 13, and the dealing of pais is then completed.    发牌时各人得从牌头开始，按顺时针方向沿着起庄牌墙取牌，并顺接到下一牌墙。发牌时，庄家首先取牌两栋共4张，然后其下家同样取牌，如类推，直到每人取得12张。其后，庄家抓取牌头第一和第三栋顶上的牌共2张，之后其如三人顺序各多取1张。这时，庄家手上共有牌子14张，其余各人每人得牌13张，发牌的过程到此完结。

10.5.   ARRANGING THE PAIS: After the pais are being dealt, all players shall keep their own pais concealed and the game shall continue in accordance with the stipulations set out in Chapter Five. Unless stipulated otherwise, all concealed pais must not be disclosed to other players.    理牌：发牌之后，各人应维持将自己手上的牌子牌背向外，而游戏则按照本规则第五章的规定继续进行。除另有规定之外，各人不得将手上的牌子向他人显示。

11.   Constant factors of a four-round period:    在每四圈时段中对各游戏有效的细节：

11.1.   The sitting positions of all players as determined in accordance with art. 8 shall not change throughout the whole of the four-round period.    按照第8条确定的各人的座位顺序在整个四圈时段内不得改变。

11.2.   The status of the starter will not change throughout the whole of the four rounds and the start indicator shall not be removed from its place either.    起庄职衔和起庄指示器的位置在整个四圈时段内都不得改变。

12.   The status of the jonga varies from game to game: If a jonga wins a game, his status as a jonga remains in the next game; if he has not won the game but the game is completed with a result involving paying and receiving of scores, his jonga status together with the jong indicator shall be passed to his nexta, the latter shall then become the jonga of a new game and is responsible for the casting of dice and dealing of pais in that new game. The manner the jonga passes his jonga status to his nexta is referred to as JONGA RETIREMENT.    庄家的职衔跟随每一盘游戏而有所变更：若一盘游戏由庄家胜出，则其庄家的职衔保留不变；若庄家不能胜出而该盘游戏以涉及绩分的收授而结束，则庄家的职衔得让给其下家，后者得成为新一盘游戏的庄家并须负责执行该盘游戏的掷骰和发牌的工作。上述庄家的职衔由庄家转让给其下家的过程称为"过庄"。

13.   When all four players each has tried and retired to be a jonga, a round of play is completed and the jong indicator is then returned to the starter again. Games are begun from round one, then round two, three and four respectively. Whenever a new round begins the starter shall announce the round number verbally, and see that the jong indicator also shows the current round number correctly. Alternatively, the round numbers may also be called after the four Winds, namely, round east, south, west and north, respectively.    当全部四人都各自曾经担任庄家并完成过庄的过程，则一圈的游戏便算结束而庄家指示器亦应在这时候回到起庄的位置。游戏应从一圈开始，分别顺序进行至二圈，三圈和四圈。在每一新圈游戏开始时，起庄应将圈的序数名称口头报出，并确保庄家指示器标示出正确的圈数名称。此外，圈数亦可按四个风牌而定名，分别为东圈，南圈，西圈和北圈。

14.   The completion of four rounds indicates the end of a four-round period. When it comes to the end of four rounds, the players shall, in accordance with the prerequisite settings of the event adopted as per art. 7, either continue the play and start another four rounds again by following the stipulations set out in art. 8.2, or finish the whole event and determine the final results of all players as per art. 31.    四圈游戏的完结即是一四圈时段的结束。当四圈游戏完结时，各人得以先前按照第7条确认的基本准则为依归，决定是否继续进行游戏并按照第8.2条的程序开始新的四圈游戏，或结束整个牌局的游戏并按照第31条的规定结算各人的绩分。

15.   The sitting position of a player together with his possession of certain pais may affect the ranking of his winning hand should he win in a game. While details of the ranking and scoring of a winning hand are prescribed in Chapter Six, the following are definitions of terms related to the sitting position as well as the pais that may affect the ranking of his winning hand:    当一人胜出一盘游戏时，其座位的序号和手上某些牌子的名称对他胜出手牌的等级都有所影响。本规则的第六章详列胜出手牌的等级和绩分的结算方法，而下列条文则对各人的座号和手上某些牌子的名称作出相关的定义：

15.1.   SEAT NUMBER: This is defined as the sequential number or the sitting position of a player with respect to the jonga of the current game. The counting shall begin with the jonga as number 1 and in the anti-clockwise direction onto other players.    座号：座号是各人相对于庄家的位置而编配的序号。序号的编配是以庄家的序号为1，并按逆时针方向编配予各人。

15.2.   CHANCE FLOWER: If the title number of a Flower coincides with the seat number of a player, the pai shall be called a Chance Flower of that player.    正花：若一花牌名称的数字和一人的座号相同，则该花牌得称为该人的正花。

15.3.   CHANCE WIND: If the sequential number of a Wind pai coincides with the seat number of a player, the pai shall be called a Chance Wind of that player.    正风：若一风牌的序号和一人的座号相同，则该风牌得称为该人的正风。

15.4.   CHANCE ROUND: If the sequential number of a Wind pai coincides with the round number currently in progress, the Wind pai shall be called the Chance Round. Accordingly, a Wind pai may in some times be a Chance Wind and a Chance Round simultaneously.    正圈：若一风牌的序号和一局游戏的圈数相同，则该风牌得称为正圈。因此，一风牌在某些时候可以同时称为正风和正圈。

16.   The stipulations under this article govern the handling of pais from the head and from the tail and shall apply to games played with the use of mahjong tiles only:-    以下条文对从牌头和从牌尾抓牌的行为作出规范，并只适用于以砖块麻将进行的游戏：

16.1.   Each of the terms the head and the tail as defined in art. 10.4(1) shall include the top and bottom pais of the column, or only the pai at the bottom if it is so remained.    第10.4(1)条所指的牌头和牌尾应包括该牌栋的上下两张牌，若该牌栋只剩余下面的一张牌时，则牌头和牌尾得同时指该余下的一张牌。

16.2.   The pai at the top of a column shall be drawn first whenever a pai is to be drawn from the head or from the tail.    每次须从牌头或牌尾抓牌时，必须先抓取上面的一张。

16.3.   Both the head and the tail exist at all times. When all two pais of a column have been drawn, the head or the tail will move to its next nearest column: The head moves in the clockwise direction in a wall or onto the first column of a new wall, while the tail moves in the opposite direction.    牌头和牌尾经常存在。若一栋牌的上下两张都被抓取后，牌头或牌尾便移到靠近的另一栋牌：牌头的移动是按顺时针方向在牌墙上移动，或从一牌墙延至另一牌墙的第一栋牌，而牌尾则以相反方向移动。

16.4.   When a game comes to a situation where only one column (with either two or one pai) is left, both the head and the tail exist in that same column and by then pais must still be drawn from the top to the bottom.    当一盘游戏只剩余一牌栋时，牌头和牌尾便同时存在于该牌栋上，此时各人仍须由上而下抓牌。

CHAPTER FIVE    第五章

PROCEDURES LEADING TO WINNING    胡牌的步骤

17.   After the pais have been dealt, all players shall check if they have been dealt with the Flowers. Any player having Flowers in hand must turn the Flowers face upwards and display them at the left hand corner, and draw same quantity of pais from the tail to his hand - such procedure is called REPLACING THE FLOWERS and is an integral part of the move of obtaining pais from the head or from the tail. The replacing of Flowers immediately after dealing of pais shall be led by the jonga and followed by other players in the anti-clockwise direction. Any further Flowers so obtained can only be replaced by a player in his turn in the next cycle. Any Flower obtained during other time of the game must be replaced at once.    发牌完成后，各人须查看自己手牌中是否有花牌。若手中有花牌时必须将花牌反开并摆放在其左角位置，并在牌尾抓取相同数目的牌加入自己手牌中 - 这种过程称为"补花"，亦是组成从牌头或牌尾抓牌行动的完整部份。紧接着发牌之后的补花得由庄家先行，然后依逆时针方向顺序由其它人进行。若在补花后再取得花牌，则只能在另一轮过程中顺序补花。若在其它行牌的时段取得花牌，必须马上补花。

18.   Except to win under art. 19.2, a winning hand must otherwise consist of exactly 14 pais and meet the condition of art. 19.1. For the purpose of calculation under this article, the disclosed pais of Flowers are not counted, any disclosed set of kong (4 pais) is to be counted three pais only and all other pais are counted in unit of pai.    除了按照第19.2条成胡牌之外，一手胡牌所含牌子的总数必须是14张并同时符合第19.1条的规定。在执行本条规定时须依从以下的计算准则：已显露的花牌不计，每组显露的杠牌（4张）只作3张计，其余牌子则按个别牌数逐一点算。

19.   The objective of International Mahjong is that in each game all players must exchange and arrange his hand of pais, by means of operations stipulated by articles throughout Chapter Five, with a goal to win or, where circumstances require, to prevent other players from winning. To proceed to win a game one must make his declaration to win in the manner described in art. 21.1, and must fulfill one of the following two conditions:    国际麻将的游戏目标是各人须按照第五章所列的规定，在每一盘游戏中，将自己手牌的牌子进行替换和整理，以争取将自己手牌成为胡牌，或在情况有需要时防止他人胡牌。若要在一盘游戏中胜出，必须按照第21.1条规定的方式报称胡牌，并必须符合下列二者之中任何一项条件：

19.1.   The hand has met the requirements of art. 7.2 and is in a combination of EITHER:    手牌已达到第7.2条的要求而其牌子的组成已达到下列二者之一：

(1)   Containing one set of eyes, plus four sets of pais in a random combination of chow, pung or kong; OR    手牌中含有一组眼和四副任意组合的顺子，刻子或杠牌；或

(2)   Containing seven pairs of pais of any kind.    手牌中含有七对任何花色的牌。

19.2.   The hand has met a requirement qualifying for a special winning hand as per art. 25.2.    手牌已达到第25.2条的规定成为例牌。

20.   After the dealing of pais and, if applicable, replacing of Flowers, if the jonga does not declare win he must choose any one pai from his concealed hand and place it face upwards in the middle of the table. This procedure is called TO DISCARD A PAI and the middle of the table where all discarded pais are placed is called the FLOOR. The first player to discard a pai in a game must be the jonga of the game.    在发牌过程完结之后，若适用时包括所有补花之后，若庄家不报胡牌便必须从其暗牌中选取任一张牌以牌面向上的方式摆放在台面的中央。这动作得称为"出牌"而牌桌中央摆放打出的牌子的地方得称为"牌池"。每一盘游戏中第一个出牌的人必须是该盘游戏的庄家。

21.   After the first pai has been discarded by the jonga, and thereafter each time a pai is discarded by a player, all other players may consider if they should take any one of the moves listed below in order to obtain the fourteenth pai to his hand. Only one move may be executed by one player at a time and in its priority order as listed. In addition, a player is deemed to have reached his turn to perform a move only if no other player claims a higher priority. All moves, if qualified, may be executed by a player at will, unless the rule states otherwise.    在庄家打出第一张牌之后，及其后每当有人打出一张牌之后，所有其它人得考虑是否执行以下列出的行牌行动中的任何一项，以获取手牌中的第14张牌。每次只准一人执行其中一项行动，而每项行动得按以下列出的顺序获配行使的优先权。个人只有在没有其它人要求执行更高优先权的行动时，才可行使其执行某一行动的权利。所有合资格的行牌行动都可以按照个人的意愿而执行，唯规则另有规定时除外。

21.1.   WIN: If a player finds all disclosed and concealed pais of his hand, together with the pai already discarded can meet the requirements of a winning hand, he can declare to win the game, provided the priority to win as specified in art. 29 is observed. Besides, win can also be declared upon a pai obtained from other than a discard, or declared upon the fulfillment of requirement qualifying for a winning hand. To win, a player must declare "WIN" verbally and disclose all pais of his hand for examination by other players and for determination of rank, and the game is then completed. Before all pais are completely disclosed, the player having declared win may inspect his pais and make sure all winning requirements are met, or he may revoke his declaration to win, and the game may then continue as if no declaration to win has ever been made. [Explanatory note: The act of revoking a declaration under this article may be regulated by "attachment rules" (if any) in a competition event.]    报胡牌：若任何人发觉手牌中已显露和未显露的牌，加上别人刚打出的牌可达到符合胡牌的条件时，他可以报称胡牌，但须受第29条有关胡牌优先权的规定限制。除此之外，各人亦可在其它情况下获得适合的牌子时报胡牌，或在达到符合胡牌条件时报胡牌。报胡牌时，必须先口头报称"胡"，然后将手牌中所有牌子打开供其它人查验和确定胡牌的等级，而该盘游戏亦到此完结。在所有牌子未有完全打开之前，报胡牌的人可自行检视自己的牌子并确保手牌已达致所有胡牌的条件；在必要时他可以撤消报称胡牌，而游戏则继续进行，尤如从未有报称胡牌一样。[解释性说明：在比赛牌局中本条所述的撤消宣报的行为得受附加规则（如有）的规范。]

21.2.   PUNG: If a player has two identical pais in his concealed hand that can form a pung together with the already discarded pai, he can declare to pung. If a pung can truly be set up the player cannot revoke his declaration. To pung, a player must declare "PUNG" verbally and disclose the two identical pais and display them together with the discarded pai at his left hand corner. He can further change to declare "KONG" on the same discarded pai in accordance with the procedures set out in art. 21.3, otherwise he must discard a pai if he does not declare win and the discarded pai must not be identical to the two pais just disclosed from the concealed hand.    报碰：若一人的暗牌内有两张相同的牌可以连同别人刚打出的牌成刻子组合，他可以报碰。若刻子确实可以成立则报碰不可撤消。碰牌时，必须先口头报称"碰"，然后将暗牌内两张相同的牌打开，连同别人刚打出的牌成一刻子组合并陈列在自己的左角落。他亦可以在这时利用刚打出的牌改报"杠牌"，并按第21.3条程序处理；否则，在不报胡牌的情况下他必须打出一张牌，而打出的牌不得和刚组成刻子的牌相同。

21.3.   KONG: If a player has three identical pais in his concealed hand that can form a kong together with the already discarded pai, he may declare to kong. If a kong can truly be set up the player cannot revoke his declaration. To kong, a player must declare "KONG" verbally and disclose the three identical pais and display them together with the discarded pai at his left hand corner. He must then draw one pai from the tail, and the stipulations of art. 23.2 will then apply. For the purposes of These Rules, a kong declared on a discarded pai is defined as a REGULAR KONG and shall be distinguished from the types of kong described in art. 22.    报杠：若一人的暗牌内有三张相同的牌可以连同别人刚打出的牌成杠，他可以报杠。若杠牌确实可以成立则报杠不可撤消。杠牌时，必须先口头报称"杠"，然后将手牌中三张相同的牌打开，连同别人刚打出的牌成杠组合并陈列在自己的左角落。之后，他必须从牌尾抓牌一张，然后按照第23.2条规定办理。在执行本规则其它条文时，以别人打出的牌而组成的杠得称为"普通杠"，和第22条所述的杠有别。

21.4.   CHOW: This move can only be executed by the nexta of the player who has just discarded a pai but no verbal declaration is required. To chow, a player must disclose two pais from his concealed hand together with the already discarded pai to form a set of chow and display them at his left hand corner. The player must then discard a pai if he does not declare win and the discarded pai must not be a pai that can form a chow with the two pais just disclosed from the concealed hand.    上牌：这项行动只可以由刚打出一张牌的人的下家执行而无须作出口头宣告。上牌时，必须将暗牌内两张牌打开，连同别人刚打出的牌成顺子组合并陈列在自己的左角落。之后，在不报胡牌的情况下他必须打出一张牌，而打出的牌必须不能和刚从暗牌内打开的两张牌组成顺子。

21.5.   DRAW: If no move listed above is executed, the nexta of the player who has just discarded a pai must draw a pai from the head, and the stipulations of art. 23.2 will then apply.    抓牌：若上列各项行动无一执行，则刚打出一张牌的人的下家必须从牌头抓牌一张，然后按照第23.2条规定办理。

22.   The declaration to kong can also be executed by a player after he has just drawn a pai. Kongs of this type are classified as SPECIAL KONGS and are stipulated as follows.    开杠亦可以由一名刚抓牌之后的人执行。这情况下的杠属于"特殊杠"，其规范如下：

22.1.   MELDED KONG: If a player already has a disclosed set of pung and if it is his turn to draw a pai and, after having drawn a pai, he finds in his concealed hand the fourth identical pai, he may disclose and display that fourth identical pai together with the disclosed set of pung to form a set of kong. This is called a "melded kong".    明杠：若一人已有一副明示的刻子，在轮到他抓牌并且在抓牌之后发觉在自己的暗牌内存有第四张和上述刻子相同的牌，他可以将这第四张牌反开并和上述的刻子组成一副杠牌。这样的杠得称为明杠。

22.2.   UNFOLDED KONG: If it is a player's turn to draw a pai and if, after having drawn a pai, he finds in his concealed hand four identical pais, he may disclose and display all four pais in one time to form a set of kong. This is called an "unfolded kong" and shall be disclosed and displayed in this prescribed manner:    暗杠：当一人轮到他抓牌并且在抓牌之后，若他发觉在自己的暗牌内存有四张相同的牌，他可以将这四张牌同时反开组成一副杠牌。这样的杠得称为暗杠且须按下列指定的方式明示和陈列：

(1)   The four identical pais shall be shown to all players upon the declaration of kong;    该四张相同的牌须在报称开杠时向各人明示；

(2)   The pais shall then be placed together in a row, with two pais in the middle facing down and enclosed with two remaining pais facing up;    该四张牌须排列成一行，中间的两张牌牌面向下，而在外边的两张牌牌面向上；

(3)   At any time and at the end of the game the unfolded kong may be inspected by other players on request.    在任何时间及在该盘游戏终结时，其它人可要求审视该副暗杠牌。

22.3.   Having made either a melded kong or an unfolded kong, the player must draw a pai from the tail, and the stipulations of art. 23.2 will then apply.    在开出明杠或暗杠之后，该人必须从牌尾抓牌一张，然后按照第23.2条规定办理。

23.   Other terms governing the exchanging and arranging of pais:-    其它有关替换和整理牌子的规定：-

23.1.   The execution of any one of the moves listed in art. 21 takes effect every time a pai is discarded throughout the game, until the game is completed with a result involving paying and receiving of scores, or until it is interrupted as no more pai is left to be drawn.    在整盘游戏中每当一人打出一张牌之后，其它人必须按规定执行第21条所列行动中的其中一项，直到该盘游戏以涉及绩分的收授而终结为止，或直到所有牌子已经抓光而令该盘游戏中断为止。

23.2.   After having drawn a pai either from the head or from the tail, a player can arrange the pai so drawn together with other pais inside his concealed hand to make sets of chow, pung or kong without disclosing them, or declare melded kong or unfolded kong as per art. 22, or declare win if situation allows. If, however, he eventually does not declare win he must discard a pai, and the pai so discarded may not necessarily be the one just drawn in.    任何人从牌头或牌尾抓牌之后，须将抓进的牌和自己手牌内未曾显露的牌整理以完成顺子，刻子或杠的组合而无须将它们显露，或按照第22条的规定开出明杠或暗杠，或在情况允许下报称胡牌。但是，在整理牌子之后而不宣告胡牌时，他必须打出一张牌，而该打出的牌可以不是刚抓进的牌。

23.3.   A player's turn to perform a single move or a series of moves terminates as soon as he discards a pai to the floor.    个人行使单一项行动或一连串行动的权利，在他打出一张牌到牌池后中止。

23.4.   Any player having the priority to execute a move may, by keeping silent for a reasonable pause of time or by performing a move of less priority, give up such priority. For the purposes of this article, a player is deemed to have given up a higher priority if a move of less priority has been commenced by himself or, given a reasonable pause of time, commenced by another player. If no move of any priority is declared, the drawing of pai as per art. 21.5 must be executed and shall continue up to and including the last pai.    若一人拥有行使某项行动的优先权，他可以选择保持一合理时段的箴默或选择行使一项较低优先权的行动，以表示放弃该项优先权。在执行本条规定时，若一人拥有一项较高的优先权，但另一项较低优先权的行动已经由他本人开始执行，或在一合理时段之后已经由其它人开始执行，则该人应被视为已放弃该项较高的优先权。若无人报称欲执行任何较高优先权的行动，则第21.5条的抓牌必须按规定执行，直到抓取牌墙上最后一张牌为止。

23.5.   If a player having the first priority to win decides to draw a pai instead, he loses his right and priority to win as soon as he touches the pai of the wall.    若一人拥有胡牌的第一优先权但却选择执行抓牌，则他在触及牌墙的牌时丧失其胡牌的权利和优先权。

23.6.   The manners of placing a pai to the floor by means of discard as described in art. 20 and of disclosing the pais to set up a melded kong or an unfolded kong as described in art. 22 are summarized as TO EXPOSE A PAI. Subject to art. 23.7, a pai so exposed may be obtained by any player as the fourteenth pai enabling the declaration of a winning hand.    按照第20条将牌放在牌池内的出牌行为，和按第22条开出明杠或暗杠的行为，可统称为"露牌"。由此而显露的牌均可被其它人取得成为手牌中第十四张牌以报胡牌，唯本条得受第23.7条规定限制。

23.7.   A kong providing a pai for another player to declare win is defined as a ROBBED KONG. Robbed kong can only be claimed and winning hand declared against a melded kong, except that if the winning hand is the Thirteen Unios (refer to Art. 25.2), robbed kong may then also be claimed and winning hand declared against an unfolded kong. [Explanatory note: Noun: A robbed kong. He loses his hand because of a robbed kong. Verb: To rob a kong. Player A sets up a melded kong and it is immediately robbed by Player B!]    若抓取别人开杠的牌而成胡牌，得称为"抢杠"。抢杠只可在别人开出明杠时执行，除非抢杠后胡牌成"十三幺"（参阅第25.2条），则抢杠亦可在别人开出暗杠时执行。[解释性说明：名词：抢杆。他这盘牌因抢杆而失守。动词：抢杆。当甲开明杆时乙马上把它抢了！]

23.8.   The declaration to win, to pung or to kong must be made immediately a pai is exposed by other player. In the absence of such declaration for a reasonable pause of time and in case the move to chow as described in art. 21.4 or the move to draw a pai as described in art. 21.5 is apparently about to complete, no player will be allowed to declare win, pung or kong any more.    凡报胡牌，碰牌或开杠必须在别的人露牌之后立即提出。若这些宣告在一合理时段后仍无人提出，而同时第21.4条所述的上牌的行动或第21.5条所述的抓牌的行动已明显地接近完成，则任何人均不得再报胡牌，碰牌或开杠。

23.9.   If a player draws the last pai as described in art. 23.4 and does not declare win, he must still expose a pai except that, in case the last draw is a Flower, he must disclose the Flower only and no other pai shall further be exposed.    若一人如第23.4条所述抓取最后一张牌之后不宣告胡牌，他仍然必须显露一张牌。若所抓得最后一张是花牌，则他必须而且只能打开该花牌而不得再显露任可其它牌子。

23.10.   If nobody declares win after the last pai being exposed or disclosed in a game, the game is then aborted and shall be resumed again, starting from the procedures of "shuffling the pais" (Art. 10.1 and art. 36.1) without changing of jonga, until the game is won by a player or otherwise until the game is completed with a result involving paying and receiving of scores.    若在最后一张牌显露或明示之后无人宣告胡牌，则该盘游戏便成流局，并须进行"洗牌"（第10.1条和36.1条）以重新开始该盘游戏而无须改变庄家的职衔，直到该盘游戏产生胡牌或涉及绩分的收授而终结为止。

CHAPTER SIX    第六章

THE RANKING AND SCORING OF WINNING HANDS    胡牌的等级和绩分

24.   A winning hand can be ranked differently according to the structure of the hand, the pais it consists of and the patterns in which the pais are being arranged, as well as how the pai enabling the declaration to win is obtained. These elements of a winning hand are represented by certain predefined forms called GRADE ELEMENTS and each grade element is assigned a fixed GRADE VALUE that is measured by the unit of FAN. Throughout this Chapter Six, all valid grade elements are listed by group of similar nature how the elements are established. When assessing the ranking of a winning hand all valid grade elements from all groups may be counted, unless a rule specifically states otherwise. Accordingly, the rank of a winning hand is determined by the total number of fans of all valid grade elements the hand could demonstrate. Furthermore, when assessing the ranking of a winning hand the following stipulations should be observed:    胡牌可以按照该手牌的基本牌型，手牌的内容和牌子组合的花式，和如何获得最后一张牌成胡牌等因素而确定该胡牌的等级。这些胡牌的元素由一些具有特定格式的"番种"代表，而每一番种均拥有固定的以"番"为单位的"番值"。本第六章规则详列所有有效的番种，并跟据定义各番种时的性质而将拥有近似性质的番种归组排列。在计算一手胡牌的等级时，可将所有组别的有效番种累加，唯个别规则另有注明时除外。因此，一手胡牌的等级是按照该手牌内所有有效番种的番值的总和而确定。此外，在计算一手胡牌的等级时，还须遵循以下的规定：

24.1.   If a basic structure of a winning hand (Art. 26) is determined it shall remain unchanged while other grade elements are being counted.    若一手胡牌的基本牌型（第26条）已经选定，在计算其它番种时将不可改变。

24.2.   In all definitions of grade element, any expression of a "pung" shall be equivalent to or including the expression of a "kong", but not vice versa.    在所有番种的定义中，任何有关"刻子"的组合当视为等于或包括"杠"的组合，但相反则不成立。

25.   Grade elements listed under this article are also called SPECIAL WINNING HANDS. Each special winning hand can be treated as a complete winning hand, and is awarded a fixed number of fans that cannot be accumulated with value of any other grade elements.    在本条列出的番种亦可称为"例牌"。每一例牌均可当作一手完整的胡牌，可获配固定的番值，而这些番值不能和任何其它番种的番值累加。

25.1.   GROUP 25.1: This group contains special winning hands that are normally in the form of any of the basic winning hand structures as prescribed in art. 26, although exception may apply where a rule so prescribes.    第25.1组：本组包含的例牌通常以第26条所述的基本牌型成立，唯个别规则指定的特殊情况除外。

(1)   THE HEAVEN: Any winning hand, regardless of its structure or contents, that is declared after the dealing of pais and before the first pai is discarded by the jonga is defined as the Heaven, and is awarded a fixed 6 fans. The priority to declare the Heaven goes to the jonga. [Explanatory note: Any player may declare a special winning hand of Seven Flowers (art. 25.2(1)) or Eight Flowers (art. 25.2(2)) before the jonga discards the first pai, this will also be referred to as the Heaven.]    天胡：任何胡牌，不论其牌型或内容，是在完成发牌之后但在庄家打出第一张牌之前成胡牌的，得称为"天胡"，得固定6番。庄家拥有报天胡的优先权。[解释性说明：任何人均可在庄家打出第一张牌之前报称成七只花例牌（第25.2(1)条）或八只花例牌（第25.2(2)条），这样的胡牌仍得称为天胡。]

(2)   THE EARTH: Any winning hand, regardless of its contents, that is declared on the first pai discarded by the jonga is defined as the Earth and is awarded a fixed 6 fans.    地胡：任何胡牌，不论其内容，是利用庄家打出的第一张牌成胡牌的，得称为"地胡"，得固定6番。

(3)   ALL HIDDEN PUNGS: A winning hand consisting of four pungs and a set of eyes, regardless of the kinds of the pais, that have never been exposed prior to winning, is called All Hidden Pungs and is awarded a fixed 13 fans. [Explanatory note: The essence of this element is that "all (of the 14) pais have never been exposed prior to winning". A hand containing any unfolded kong (art. 22.2) is not qualified for this element since the kong has been exposed as defined in art 23.6.]    全暗刻：若一手胡牌含四副刻子和一组眼，牌子花色不拘，而所有牌子在成胡牌之前均从未打开，则该手胡牌称为"全暗刻"，得固定13番。[解释性说明：本番种的主要条件是"所有（14张）牌子在成胡牌之前均从未打开"。一手牌若含有暗杠（第22.2条）便没有成为全暗刻的条件，因为正如第23.6条所定义，该暗杠是属于已打开的牌。]

(4)   SEVEN CONSECUTIVE PAIRS: A winning hand that is in the combination of seven consecutive pairs of any one suit of the Serials, is called the Seven Consecutive Pairs and is awarded a fixed 13 fans.    连七对：若一手胡牌含七对序数相连的同一花式的序数牌，则可称为"连七对"，得固定13番。

(5)   NINE GATES: If a winning hand consists of any one suit of the Searials in the specified form of 1112345678999 prior to winning, which would allow win on any pai of the same suit, then such winning hand is called the Nine Gates, and is awarded a fixed 13 fans.    九莲宝灯：若一手胡牌在未胡牌之前由一种花色的序数牌按1112345678999的特定牌型组成，见同花色任何1张序数牌均可成胡牌，则该胡牌可称为"九莲宝灯"，得固定13番。

25.2.   GROUP 25.2: The special winning hands contained in this group are not normally in any specific structure as win is qualified as per specifications of the individual rules.    第25.2组：本组包含的例牌一般并无特定的牌型，胡牌条件得以个别规则规定为准。

(1)   THE SEVEN FLOWERS: If a player already has six Flowers and if he draws the seventh Flower of his hand, he may declare win at once. The winning hand is considered on the drawing of the seventh Flower alone and is called the Seven Flowers and is awarded a fixed 3 fans. A player having drawn the seventh Flower in hand not declaring win loses the right to declare win on the Seven Flowers after he has proceeded to perform a move other than declaring win. [Explanatory note: The essence of this element is the number of Flowers the hand has; therefore whether the hand is too many or too few is irrelevant.]    七只花：若一人手中已有六张花牌再抓入第七张花牌后，他可以马上报胡牌。该胡牌的考虑要素只在于成功抓入手中第七张花牌并可称为"七只花"，得固定3番。任何人抓入第七张花牌之后不报胡牌，当他执行报胡牌以外的其它行动时便丧失其七只花胡牌的权利。[解释性说明：本番种的主要考虑要素是拥有花牌的数目，故手牌是否属于大相公或小相公均无影响。]

(2)   THE EIGHT FLOWERS: If a player already has seven Flowers and if he draws the eighth Flower of his hand, he may declare win at once. The winning hand is considered on the drawing of the eighth Flower alone and is called the Eight Flowers and is awarded a fixed 9 fans. A player having drawn the eighth Flowers in hand not declaring win loses the right to declare win on the Eight Flowers after he has proceeded to perform a move other than declaring win. [Explanatory note: The essence of this element is the number of Flowers the hand has; therefore whether the hand is too many or too few is irrelevant.]    八只花：若一人手中已有七张花牌再抓入第八张花牌后，他可以马上报胡牌。该胡牌的考虑要素只在于成功抓入手中第八张花牌并可称为"八只花"，得固定9番。任何人抓入第八张花牌之后不报胡牌，当他执行报胡牌以外的其它行动时便丧失其八只花胡牌的权利。[解释性说明：本番种的主要考虑要素是拥有花牌的数目，故手牌是否属于大相公或小相公均无影响。]

(3)   SEVEN ISOLATED STARS: If a winning hand consists of 7 single pais of all titles of the Winds and the Dragons, plus any seven isolated pais of the Serials covering 3 suits each being in the specific sequence of 147, 258, 369 respectively, it is called the Seven Isolated Stars and is awarded a fixed 6 fans.    七星不靠：若一手胡牌含有七个单张的东南西北中发白，加上包含三种花色分别按数位147、258、369排列的其中七张序数牌，则该胡牌可称为"七星不靠"，得固定6番。

(4)   THE THIRTEEN UNIOS: If a player holds 14 pais, including pais already in his possession and pai obtainable in his turn of move, that are in the combination of one pai each of all titles of the Honours and one pai each of the titles 1 and 9 of all of the Serials, plus one pai identical to any of these mentioned pais, he may declare win. The winning hand is considered on the combination of the 14 pais alone and is called the Thirteen Unios and is awarded a fixed 13 fans.    十三幺：若手牌中的14张牌，包括自己手牌内的牌和在行使某项行动时从外取得的牌，含有所有番子的所有名称的牌各1张，所有序数牌的所有名称为1和9的牌各1张，再加上1张和以上所述任一牌子相同的牌，则可以报胡牌。该胡牌的考虑要素只在于手中14张牌的组合形式并可称为"十三幺"，得固定13番。

(5)   THE KONG TO FOURTH: If a player makes four consecutive kongs in a row, he need not draw a pai from the tail any more but is deemed to have won the game, provided there is one, and only one, pai left in his concealed hand. The winning hand is considered on the act of making four kongs alone and is called the Kong To Fourth, and is awarded a fixed 15 fans.    杠四杠：若一人无间断地连续开杠四次，则他可算自动成胡牌而无须继续在牌尾抓牌，唯他手内未打开的牌的数目必须只剩1张。该胡牌的考虑要素只在于开杠四次的行为并可称为"杠四杠"，得固定15番。

26.   GROUP 26: This group contains grade elements that are also called the BASIC WINNING HAND STRUCTURES. Each of these elements is awarded a grade value that can be accumulated with grade values of all valid elements in other groups, but excluding the groups of the special winning hands. When assessing the ranking of a winning hand, no more than one grade element within this group may be counted.    第26组：本组包含的番种亦可称为"胡牌的基本牌型"。每一番种可获配一固定番值，而这些番值可以和其它组别（含有"例牌"的组别除外）内所有有效番种的番值累加。当计算一胡牌的等级时，从本组内选取的番种最多不得超过一项。

26.1.   THE COWARD: If a winning hand consists of sets of both chow and pung, and regardless of any other description, it is called the Coward and awarded half fan.    鸡胡：若一手胡牌的牌子组合同时包含顺子和刻子而不论任何其它叙述，则可称为"鸡胡"，得半番。

26.2.   ALL CHOWS: In addition to a set of eyes, if a winning hand consists of sets of chow only and regardless of any other description, it is called All Chows and awarded 1 fan.    平胡：除了一组眼外，若一手胡牌的牌子组合只包含顺子而不论任何其它叙述，则可称为"平胡"，得1番。

26.3.   ALL PUNGS: In addition to a set of eyes, if a winning hand consists of sets of pung only and regardless of any other description, it is called All Pungs and awarded 3 fans.    对对胡：除了一组眼外，若一手胡牌的牌子组合只包含刻子而不论任何其它叙述，则可称为"对对胡"，得3番。

26.4.   SEVEN PAIRS: If a winning hand consists of seven pairs only, and regardless of any other description, it is called the Seven Pairs and awarded 3 fans.    七对胡：若一手胡牌的牌子组合只包含七对相同的牌子而不论任何其它叙述，则可称为"七对胡"，得3番。

27.   Grade elements listed under this article relate primarily to the various combinations of pais of a winning hand.    本条列出的番种主要和胡牌中牌子的不同组合型式有关。

27.1.   GROUP 27.1: This group contains grade elements that are of the pure or mixed series. When assessing the ranking of a winning hand, no more than one grade element within this group may be counted, unless specifically stated otherwise.    第27.1组：本组包含的番种属于清混系列。当计算一胡牌的等级时，从本组内选取的番种最多不得超过一项，唯另有注明时除外。

(1)   PURE TERMINALS: If a winning hand consists of only 1 and 9 of the Serials, and regardless of any other description, it is called Pure Terminals and awarded 8 fans.    清幺九：若一手胡牌只包含序数牌中的1和9而不论任何其它叙述，则可称为"清幺九"，得8番。

(2)   MIXED UNIOS: If a winning hand consists of 1, 9 of the Serials and pais of the Honours only, and regardless of any other description, it is called Mixed Unios and awarded 1 fan. Value of this element may be added to Mixed Same if applicable.    混幺九：若一手胡牌只包含序数牌中的1、9和番子，而不论任何其它叙述，则可称为"混幺九"，得1番。若许可时本番值可和混一色的番值累加。

(3)   PURE HONOURS: If a winning hand consists of pais of the Honours only, and regardless of any other description, it is called Pure Honours and awarded 8 fans.     清番子：若一手胡牌只包含番子，而不论任何其它叙述，则可称为"清番子"，得8番。

(4)   PURE SAME: If a winning hand consists of pais of one Serial suit only, and regardless of any other description, it is called the Pure Same and awarded 6 fans.    清一色：若一手胡牌只包含一种花色的序数牌，而不论任何其它叙述，则可称为"清一色"，得6番。

(5)   MIXED SAME: If a winning hand consists of the mix of one Serial suit and pais of the Honours only, and regardless of any other description, it is called the Mixed Same and awarded 3 fans. Value of this element may be added to Mixed Unios if applicable.    混一色：若一手胡牌只包含一种花色的序数牌和番子，而不论任何其它叙述，则可称为"混一色"，得3番。若许可时本番值可和混幺九的番值累加。

(6)   FIVE IN ALL: If in a winning hand each of its sets consists of at least one 5 of the Serials, and regardless of any other description, it is called Five In All and is awarded 2 fan. [Explanatory note: The term "sets" in this rule shall include pung, kong, chow and the eyes.]    全带五：若一手胡牌中每一牌组都含有最少一张5的序数牌，而不论任何其它叙述，则可称为"全带五"，得2番。[解释性说明：本条所指的"牌组"包括刻子，杆，顺子和眼。]

(7)   UNIO IN ALL: If in a winning hand each of its sets consists of at least one Unio, and regardless of any other description, it is called Unio In All and is awarded 1 fan. Value of this element may be added to All Types if applicable. [Explanatory note: The term "sets" in this rule shall include pung, kong, chow, the eyes, as well as pair as may be found in the winning hand structure of "Seven Pairs".]    全带幺：若一手胡牌中每一牌组都含有最少一张幺牌，而不论任何其它叙述，则可称为"全带幺"，得1番。若许可时本番值可和五门齐的番值累加。[解释性说明：本条所指的"牌组"包括刻子，杆，顺子，眼，和可以在基本牌型"七对子"中找到的对子。]

(8)   ALL TYPES: If a winning hand consists of all 3 suits of the Serials, the Winds and the Dragons, and regardless of any other description, it is called All Types and awarded 1 fan. Value of this element may be added to Unio In All if applicable.    五门齐：若一手胡牌包含三种序数牌、风牌和箭牌五种花色，而不论任何其它叙述，则可称为"五门齐"，得1番。若许可时本番值可和全带幺的番值累加。

27.2.   GROUP 27.2: This group contains grade elements that are of the Honours series. When assessing the ranking of a winning hand, no more than one grade element within this group may be counted, unless specifically stated otherwise.    第27.2组：本组包含的番种属于番子系列。当计算一胡牌的等级时，从本组内选取的番种最多不得超过一项，唯另有注明时除外。

(1)   BIG FOUR WINDS: A combination of four Winds in the form of four pungs, awarded 9 fans.    大四喜：一组包含所有风牌的四副刻子，得9番。

(2)   LITTLE FOUR WINDS: A combination of four Winds in the form of three pungs and a set of eyes, awarded 6 fans.    小四喜：一组包含所有风牌的组合，其中须包括三副刻子和一组眼，得6番。

(3)   BIG THREE DRAGONS: A combination of three Dragons in the form of three pungs, awarded 6 fans.    大三元：一组包含所有三元牌的三副刻子，得6番。

(4)   LITTLE THREE DRAGONS: A combination of three Dragons in the form of two pungs and a set of eyes, awarded 4 fans.    小三元：一组包含所有三元牌的组合，其中须包括两副刻子和一组眼，得4番。

(5)   PUNG OF DRAGON: A pung of any Dragon, each pung is awarded 1 fan. Value of this element cannot be added to Big Three Dragons or Little Three Dragons, but may be added to Chance Wind and Chance Round of the same group if applicable.    三元刻：以任一三元牌组成的刻子，每刻子可得1番。本番值不得和大三元或小三元的番值累加，但可和同组内的正风和正圈的番值累加。

(6)   CHANCE WIND: A pung of the Chance Wind, awarded 1 fan. Value of this element cannot be added to Big Four Winds or Little Four Winds, but may be added to Chance Round and Pung Of Dragon of the same group if applicable.    正风：以正风牌组成的刻子，得1番。本番值不得和大四喜或小四喜的番值累加，但可和同组内的正圈及三元刻的番值累加。

(7)   CHANCE ROUND: A pung of the Chance Round, awarded 1 fan. Value of this element cannot be added to Big Four Winds or Little Four Winds, but may be added to Chance Wind and Pung Of Dragon of the same group if applicable.    正圈：以正圈牌组成的刻子，得1番。本番值不得和大四喜或小四喜的番值累加，但可和同组内的正风及三元刻的番值累加。

27.3.   GROUP 27.3: This group contains grade elements that are of the pung series of the Serials. When assessing the ranking of a winning hand, no more than one grade element within this group may be counted.    第27.3组：本组包含的番种属于序数牌的刻子系列。当计算一胡牌的等级时，从本组内选取的番种最多不得超过一项。

(1)   FOUR JUMPING PUNGS: A combination of four pungs in one Serial suit, with each pung jumping one number up from its lower set, awarded 4 fans.    一色四跳刻：一组包含同一花色四副依次递增一位数的刻子，得4番。

(2)   PURE JUMPING PUNGS: A combination of three pungs in one Serial suit, with each pung jumping one number up from its lower set, awarded 3 fans.    一色三跳刻：一组包含同一花色三副依次递增一位数的刻子，得3番。

(3)   THREE MATCHING PUNGS: A combination of three pungs in three Serial suits but of the same number, awarded 2 fans.    三色三同刻：一组包含三种花色三副序数相同的刻子，得2番。

(4)   MIXED JUMPING PUNGS: A combination of three pungs in three Serial suits, with each pung jumping one number up from its lower set, awarded 1 fan.    三色三跳刻：一组包含三种花色三副依次递增一位数的刻子，得1番。

27.4.   GROUP 27.4: This group contains grade elements that are of the chow series of the Serials. When assessing the ranking of a winning hand, no more than one grade element within this group may be counted, unless specifically stated otherwise.    第27.4组：本组包含的番种属于序数牌的顺子系列。当计算一胡牌的等级时，从本组内选取的番种最多不得超过一项，唯另有注明时除外。

(1)   FOUR IDENTICAL CHOWS: A combination of four identical chows in one Serial suit, awarded 4 fans.    一色四同顺：一组包含同一花色四副序数相同的顺子，得4番。

(2)   FOUR STEPPING CHOWS: A combination of four chows in one Serial suit, with each chow stepping one number up from its lower set, awarded 4 fans.    一色四跳顺：一组包含同一花色四副依次递增一位数的顺子，得4番。

(3)   THREE IDENTICAL CHOWS: A combination of three identical chows in one Serial suit, awarded 3 fans.    一色三同顺：一组包含同一花色三副序数相同的顺子，得3番。

(4)   PURE STEPPING CHOWS: A combination of three chows in one Serial suit, with each chow stepping one number up from its lower set, awarded 3 fans.    一色三跳顺：一组包含同一花色三副依次递增一位数的顺子，得3番。

(5)   THREE MATCHING CHOWS: A combination of three chows in three Serial suits but of the same number, awarded 2 fan.    三色三同顺：一组包含三种花色三副序数相同的顺子，得2番。

(6)   MIXED STEPPING CHOWS: A combination of three chows in three Serial suits, with each chow stepping one number up from its lower set, awarded 1 fan.    三色三跳顺：一组包含三种花色三副依次递增一位数的顺子，得1番。

(7)   PURE STRAIGHT NINE: A combination of three chows in one Serial suit and in the sequence of 1 through 9, awarded 2 fans.    九子清龙：一组包含同一花色由序数1至9组成的三副顺子，得2番。

(8)   MIXED STRAIGHT NINE: A combination of three chows in three Serial suits and in the sequence of 1 through 9, awarded 1 fan.    九子花龙：一组包含三种花色由序数1至9组成的三副顺子，得1番。

28.   The groups of grade elements listed under this article relate primarily to various conditions when a winning hand is declared.    本条列出的番种主要和报胡牌时的状况有关。

28.1.   GROUP 28.1: This group relates mainly to grade elements involving how the pai enabling the declaration to win is obtained.    第28.1组：本组主要和涉及如可获得导致胡牌的牌子的番种有关。

(1)   FROM THE FLOOR: A winning hand caused by a discarded pai obtained from the floor is awarded zero fan.    打出食胡：利用牌池内别人打出的牌食胡，得零番。

(2)   FROM THE WALL: A winning hand caused by a pai obtained from either the head or the tail is awarded 1 fan.    自摸食胡：从牌头或牌尾抓牌后食胡，得1番。

(3)   FROM ROBBED KONG: A winning hand caused by the pai obtained from a robbed kong is awarded 1 fan.    抢杠食胡：在别人开杠时抢杠而食胡，得1番。

28.2.   GROUP 28.2: This group relates mainly to grade elements rewarding a winning hand caused by the last available pai of a game.    第28.2组：本组主要和涉及在取得该盘游戏中最后一张牌而食胡的番种有关。

(1)   FROM FINAL DRAW: If a winning hand is obtained as soon as the final pai of the game is drawn, it is awarded 1 fan.    海底摸月：若在抓取该盘中最后一张牌之后成胡牌，则可得1番。

(2)   FROM FINAL EXPOSED: If a winning hand is caused by means of the final exposed pai of the game, it is awarded 1 fan.    海底捞鱼：若在获取该盘中最后一张露牌之后成胡牌，则可得1番。

28.3.   GROUP 28.3: This group contains grade elements that award winning hand caused by a kong - If a winning hand is declared immediately after several kongs are executed in the same turn of the player, additional fans are awarded according to the number of kongs executed:    第28.3组：本组所列的番种和开杠后随即食胡有关 - 若在连续开杠约干次之后随即报胡牌，则可按照开杠次数而获得番值：

(1)   ON FIRST KONG: If win is declared on a pai drawn immediately after one kong, awarded 1 fan.    杠一杠：若在开杠一次后随即报胡牌，得1番。

(2)   ON SECOND KONG: If win is declared on a pai drawn immediately after the second kong in the same turn, awarded 3 fans.    杠二杠：若在连续开杠两次后随即报胡牌，得3番。

(3)   ON THIRD KONG: If win is declared on a pai drawn immediately after the third kong in the same turn, awarded 6 fans.    杠三杠：若在连续开杠三次后随即报胡牌，得6番。

28.4.   GROUP 28.4: This group relates mainly to grade elements involving the building of a winning hand.    第28.4组：本组主要和涉及建立胡牌的过程的番种有关。

(1)   ALL PICKUPS: If a winning hand is built by sets that are all acquired by claiming pais exposed by other players, and regardless of any other description, it is called All Pickups and is awarded 1 fans. [Explanatory note: A hand containing any unfolded kong (art. 22.2) is not qualified for this grade element. A win declared on a robbed kong (art. 23.7), however, may be qualified for All Pickups.]    全求人：若一手胡牌的所有牌组都是倚赖别人提供的牌而建立，而不论任何其它叙述，则称为"全求人"，得1番。[解释性说明：若一手牌含有暗杠（第22.2条）便不符合全求人的条件。若一手牌是因抢杆（第23.7条）而食胡，则仍可符合全求人的条件。]

(2)   SELF HELP: If a winning hand is built by sets that are all acquired by pais drawn from the wall by the winning player's own, and regardless of any other description, it is called Self Help and is awarded 1 fan. [Explanatory note: A winning hand containing unfolded kong is still qualified for Self Help.]    不求人：若一手胡牌的所有牌组都是经由自己从牌墙抓牌而建立，而不论任何其它叙述，则称为"不求人"，得1番。[解释性说明：若胡牌之中包含暗杆则仍可符合不求人的条件。]

(3)   CLEAR FRONT: If a winning hand has no disclosed and displayed pai (other than Flowers) prior to winning, and regardless of any other description, it is called Clear Front and is awarded 1 fan. [Explanatory note: A win declared on a pai exposed by other player may be qualified for Clear Front. Winning hand containing unfolded kong is not qualified for Clear Front.]    门前清：若一手牌在胡牌之前没有任何陈列明示的牌子（花牌除外），而不论任何其它叙述，则称为"门前清"，得1番。[解释性说明：若获取别人显露的牌而成胡牌，亦可计算门前清的番值。若胡牌之中包含暗杆就不符合门前清的条件。]

28.5.   GROUP 28.5: This group relates mainly to grade elements involving status of the Flowers of a winning hand. When assessing the ranking of a winning hand, no more than one grade element within this group may be counted, unless specifically stated otherwise.    第28.5组：本组主要和涉及花牌的番种有关。当计算一胡牌的等级时，从本组内选取的番种最多不得超过一项，唯另有注明时除外。

(1)   NO FLOWER: If a winning hand consists of no Flower, awarded 1 fan.    无花：若胡牌中没有花牌，得1番。

(2)   CHANCE FLOWER: If a winning hand consists of Chance Flower, each Chance Flower is awarded 1 fan. Value of this element can be added to Full Set Of Flowers.    正花：若胡牌中有正花，则每一正花可得1番。本番值可和四只花的番值累加。

(3)   FULL SET OF FLOWERS: If a winning hand consists of full set of Flowers, i.e. four pieces of Blue Flowers or four pieces of Red Flowers, each set is awarded 1 fan. Value of this element can be added to Chance Flower. [Explanatory note: A winning hand may contain a maximum of two Chance Flowers. Likewise, elements of Chance Flower and Full Set Of Flowers can be counted independently.]    四只花：若胡牌中含有全套4张同色的花牌（红花或蓝花），则每套可得1番。本番值可和正花的番值累加。[解释性说明：一手胡牌可含有最多达两张正花。而正花和四只花的番值是可以独立计算的。]

CHAPTER SEVEN    第七章

SCORING CHART AND THE SETTLEMENT OF A WINNING HAND    绩分表和胡牌的结算

29.   Only one player can win in each game. If more than one players have declared win because of an exposed pai, the priority to win is defined as below:-    每盘游戏只可由一人胜出。若超过一人因一张露牌而报胡牌，则胡牌的优先权按以下条款规定：

29.1.   If there is a winning hand of Thirteen Unios, the holder has the priority. If more than one player declared the winning hand of Thirteen Unios, the priority goes to the sooner holder counted anti-clockwise from the Nexta of the player who has exposed the pai.    若胡牌中有十三幺的，则有优先权。若超过一人报十三幺胡牌，则由露牌者的下家起计以逆时针点算，先点到的人有优先权。

29.2.   If no Thirteen Unios is declared, the priority goes to the sooner player counted anti-clockwise from the Nexta of the player who has exposed the pai.    若胡牌中没有十三幺，则由露牌者的下家起计以逆时针点算，先点到的人有优先权。

30.   A player who has won a game shall receive scores from other players as prescribed below:    凡胜出一盘游戏的，可从其它人获取绩分，其规定如下：

30.1.   Scores are assigned to a winning hand based on the grade value achieved of the winning hand, as outlined in the Standard Scoring Chart below:    每一胡牌的绩分是根据该胡牌所获得的番值，按照下面的"标准绩分表"计算：

Standard Scoring Chart  标准绩分表
Grade value (fans) 番值(番)	Scores (mados) 绩分(马吊)
1/2	2
1	2
2	4
3	8
4	16
5	32
6	64
7	128
8	256
9	512
10	1,000
11	2,000
12	3,000
13	4,000
14	5,000
15	6,000

30.2.   If a winning hand has a maximum grade value of half fan, it shall be awarded same scores as for 1 fan; if its grade value is more than half fan, any unit less than 1 fan is omitted.    若一胡牌的最高番值只得半番，其绩分可当1番结算；若其番值超过半番，则少于1番的番值得予以删除。

30.3.   Scores shall be paid to the winning player by other players in accordance with the following stipulations:    胜出的人可按照以下规定向其他各人收取绩分：

(1)   If a winning hand is caused by a pai drawn from the head or from the tail, the winning player shall receive from each player the assigned scores;    若从牌头或牌尾抓牌之后成胡牌，则向每一人收取表中规定的绩分；

(2)   If a winning hand is caused by a pai obtained from the floor, the winning player shall receive the assigned scores from the player who has discarded the pai;    若从牌池中取得别人打出的牌成胡牌，则向出牌的人收取表中规定的绩分；

(3)   If a winning hand is caused by a pai obtained from a robbed kong, the winning player shall receive three times the assigned scores from the player who has attempted to set up the kong.    若由于抢杠而成胡牌，则向欲开杠的人收取表中规定的绩分的三倍。

31.   At the end of the event all players shall each report the total scores in hand and be inspected by other players (or by a referee) in order to determine the final results among them. The one having higher scores in hand, the result is better.    在牌局终结时，各人须自报手上绩分的总数并由他人（或裁判员）核实，以决定各人的最后成绩。手上绩分较多的人，成绩亦较佳。

CHAPTER EIGHT    第八章

RESTRICTIONS AND PENALTIES    限制及罚则

32.   Definitions of terms:    定义：

32.1.   ALERT: "Alert", being a warning to other players, is defined as the declaration of a player that he is looking for a specific kind of pais in order to win with a specific grade element. The declaration may be represented by a verbal announcement or expressed by the displayed pais of a player having reached one of the three positions listed below:    警报："警报"是一项对其他人的宣示，表示一人的手牌正需要某一花色的牌以包含某一特定的番种成胡牌。这种宣示可以用口头宣报的形式作出，亦可因该人明列的牌子已达到下列三种情况之一而被视为已作出了该项宣示：

(1)   He has disclosed three, and only three, sets of pais that are all in any one suit of the Serials, or are all pais of the Honours, which shall indicate that his target winning hand may contain the grade element of Pure Same or Pure Honours. To declare an alert verbally, he may speak out "BOUND TANS" (or Bound Soks, Bound Wans, or Bound Honours, which is the kind of pais he is looking for, as the case may be) as soon as he has disclosed the third set of pais of the same kind. This type of alert is called the Pure Same Alert, or Pure Honours Alert, as the case may be.    他已明列三副，而且只限三副，全是某一花色的序数牌，或者全是番子；这种情况显示他的目标是建立包含清一色或清番子的胡牌。以口头宣示时，他可以在开出第三副相同花色的牌的同时宣报"包筒子"（或是包索子，包万子，包番子，按情况而定，该口头宣报的牌子种类就是他需要的牌子）。这种警报得称为"包清一色"警报或"包清番子"警报，视情况而定。

(2)   He has disclosed two sets of the Dragons among the disclosed pais, which shall indicate that his target winning hand may contain the grade element of Big Three Dragons. To declare an alert verbally, he may speak out "BOUND RED DRAGON" (or Bound Green Dragon, or White Dragon, which is the missing pai of the Dragon, as the case may be) as soon as he has disclosed the second set of pais of the Dragons. This type of alert is called the Big Three Dragons Alert.    他在打开的牌子中已明列两副三元牌；这种情况显示他的目标是建立包含大三元的胡牌。以口头宣示时，他可以在开出第二副三元牌的同时宣报"包红中"（或是包发财，包白板，按情况而定，该口头宣报的牌子就是他欠缺的第三张三元牌）。这种警报得称为"包大三元"警报。

(3)   He has disclosed three sets of the Winds, and such three sets only, which shall indicate that his target winning hand may contain the grade element of Big Four Winds. To declare an alert verbally, he may speak out "BOUND EAST" (or Bound South, West or North, which is the missing pai of the Winds, as the case may be) as soon as he has disclosed the third set of the Winds. This type of alert is called the Big Four Winds Alert.    他已明列三副风牌，而且只限三副风牌；这种情况显示他的目标是建立包含大四喜的胡牌。以口头宣示时，他可以在开出第三副风牌的同时宣报"包东"（或是包南，包西或包北，按情况而定，该口头宣报的牌子种类就是他欠缺的风牌）。这种警报得称为"包大四喜"警报。

32.2.   BOUND PAI: The declaration of certain pais as "bound pai" in an alert is an expression that the named pais are those required for a target winning hand related to in the alert. For the purposes of this article, the alert of bound pai is deemed to have been properly declared as soon as the player has reached one of the positions described in art. 32.1, and that any dispute as to whether a verbal declaration has been given shall not be entertained.    包输牌：在警报中宣报"包输"的牌就是和该警报相关的目标胡牌所需要的牌。在执行本条规定时，当一人已达到第32.1条所述的其中一种情况时，便可当作已经适当地向其它人宣报警报中相关的包输牌，而任何关于是否已作出口头宣报的投诉应不予处理。

32.3.   BOUND TO LOSE: "Bound to lose" is a penalty. If a player has discarded a bound pai which would assist the player who has given an alert to win the game at a later time in which the winning hand contains the grade element related to in that alert, he must pay scores of his share plus the shares of the other two players to the winner. The one who pays for all is called to be bound to lose, in such case, the other two players need not pay.    包输："包输"是一项罚则。若一人打出一张包输牌可以协助给出警报的人在其后胜出，而胜出的胡牌又包含和该警报相关的番种时，则打出该包输牌的人须为自己和为另外两人支付所有绩分予胜出的人。这样由一人为所有人支付绩分的情况称为"包输"，在这情况下其它两人无须作任何付出。

33.   The restrictive terms under this article are not compulsory but penalties are provided for not observing these terms. If more than one player are subject to the penalty clauses of articles 33.1 and 33.2 at the same time, only art. 33.1 shall apply.    本条所列的限制项目不是强制性的，唯不遵守这些限制的将会按照罚则处理。若第33.1条和第33.2条的罚则分别对超过一人同时适用，则只有第33.1条的罚则有效。

33.1.   All players shall avoid discarding any bound pai if an alert is in effect. If a player has expressed in an alert that his target winning hand involves Pure Same or Pure Honours, and if he further manages to display the fourth set of pais of the same kind with the help of a bound pai discarded by another player, then the penalty term of this article shall apply. PENALTY: If at a later time this player who has given the alert wins the game by means of a pai drawn either from the head or from the tail, provided the winning hand consists of the grade element of Pure Same or Pure Honours, the player who has discarded the bound pai mentioned above must be bound to lose.    当一项警报生效时任何人均不得打出任何包输牌。若一人发出警报并显示他的目标胡牌包含清一色或清番子，之后若由于别人打出的牌而令他成功地开出第四副相同花色的牌，则本条所列的罚则适用。罚则：若发出警报的人其后从牌头或牌尾抓牌之后成胡牌，而该手胡牌又含有清一色或清番子的番种，则上述打出该包输牌的人须要包输。

33.2.   All players shall avoid discarding any bound pai if an alert is in effect. If a player has expressed in an alert that his target winning involves Big Three Dragons, and if he further manages to display the third set of the Dragon with the help of a bound pai discarded by another player, then the penalty term of this article shall apply. PENALTY: If at a later time this player who has given the alert wins the game by means of a pai drawn either from the head or from the tail, provided the winning hand consists of the grade element of Big Three Dragons, the player who has discarded the bound pai mentioned above must be bound to lose.    当一项警报生效时任何人均不得打出任何包输牌。若一人发出警报并显示他的目标胡牌包含大三元，之后若由于别人打出的牌而令他成功地开出第三副三元牌，则本条所列的罚则适用。罚则：若发出警报的人其后从牌头或牌尾抓牌之后成胡牌，而该手胡牌又含有大三元的番种，则上述打出该包输牌的人须要包输。

33.3.   All players shall avoid discarding any bound pai if an alert is in effect. If a player has expressed in an alert that his target winning involves Big Four Winds, and if he further manages to display the fourth pung of the Winds with the help of a bound pai discarded by another player, then the penalty term of this article shall apply. PENALTY: If at a later time this player who has given the alert wins the game by means of a pai drawn either from the head or from the tail, provided the winning hand consists of the pattern of the Big Four Winds, the player who has discarded the bound pai mentioned above must be bound to lose.    当一项警报生效时任何人均不得打出任何包输牌。若一人发出警报并显示他的目标胡牌包含大四喜，之后若由于别人打出的牌而令他成功地开出第四副风牌，则本条所列的罚则适用。罚则：若发出警报的人其后从牌头或牌尾抓牌之后成胡牌，而该手胡牌又含有大四喜的番种，则上述打出该包输牌的人须要包输。

33.4.   A player may disclose all of his pais only if he possesses a winning hand. If a player has declared win and, or otherwise, has disclosed all of his pais but it is found that the hand does not meet the requirements of a winning hand, he is defined as having made a FALSE WIN. A false win so made is irrevocable and is irrelevant to other stipulations regarding the priority or possibility allowing a player to declare win. PENALTY: Any player having made a false win must pay to each of the other three players 1,000 mados, or the scores assigned to the agreed highest rank, whichever is the less, and the stipulations of art. 34.7 will then apply.    任何人只可以在拥有一手胡牌时才可将手牌内的所有牌子打开。若一人已经报称胡牌，或者在其它情况下，该人已将其手牌内的所有牌子打开，但是该手牌却不符合成为胡牌的要求，则他可以称为"食诈胡"。食诈胡是不可撤消的行为，且和其它报胡牌的优先权和可行性的规则无关。罚则：任何人食诈胡之后必须向其它三人每人支付1,000马吊，或支付协意的最高等级的绩分，以较低者为准。之后，须按第34.7条的规定办理。

34.   The aim of the restrictive terms in this article is to ensure the play to be proceeded as fair as possible to all players. All these restrictions are compulsory but without penalty, and are subject to other stipulations where applicable.    本条所列的限制项目是要让游戏的进行对各人尽可能公平。所列的所有限制项目都是强制性的但不设罚则，且在执行时须根据其它适用的规则处理。

34.1.   If a player has verbally declared pung or kong and in good faith such move is truly possible, he must perform the move irrevocably.    若一人已口头报碰或杠牌而该碰或杠的行动是确实可行的，则他必须执行该行动。

34.2.   If a player has disclosed two or more pais from his concealed hand whether or not with a will to chow, to pung or to kong, but is truly possible to do so, he must complete the move irrevocably.    若一人已从自己的暗牌中打开两张或以上的牌，则无论他是否有意进行上牌，碰牌或杠牌而且也是确实可行的，则他必须完成这些行动。

34.3.   If a player has mistakenly declared to chow, to pung or to kong (including the setup of an unfolded kong) and immediately finds it impossible to do so, he may revoke the declaration and correct the mistake before and only before he has discarded a pai. [Explanatory note: The act of revoking a declaration under this article may be regulated by "attachment rules" (if any) in a competition event.]    若一人错误地宣报上牌，碰牌或杠牌（包括开暗杆）但马上发觉其为不可能，则他可以在打出一张牌之前且只可以在这之前撤消该项宣报并更正该错误。[解释性说明：在比赛牌局中本条所述的撤消宣报的行为得受附加规则（如有）的规范。]

34.4.   If a player in his turn to draw a pai touches the pai at the head, he has lost all the priority and right to perform any move other than the drawing of pai from the head.    若一人在轮到他抓牌时已触及牌头上的牌，则他能够执行其它行动的所有优先权和权利便宣告丧失，而只保留抓牌的优先权和权利。

34.5.   If a player keeps silent and does not declare win or pung upon a discarded pai, he is then banned from declaring win or pung upon any further identical pai exposed. This restriction remains in force until he has reached his turn to perform a move other than those prescribed in the restriction.    若一人可因一张打出的牌而宣报胡牌或碰牌但却保持箴默和不作相应的宣报，则在别人再显露相同的牌时他将不获准取得该牌而宣报胡牌或碰牌。这项限制将维持有效，直到他执行了一项限制范围以外的行动为止。

34.6.   All pais once having been exposed or displayed by a player may not be altered or exchanged with pais inside his concealed hand. Further, if during the process of a game a player finds that the total number of pais in hand is either too many or otherwise insufficient, or that his displayed pais are not in proper sets, he must keep to such situations and no interim correction is allowed.    属于一人的已经打开和排列出来的牌子不得作任何更改，或和该人暗牌内的牌子作交换。此外，若在游戏进行中一人发觉他手牌内牌子的数目太多或太少，或他的已经打开和排列出来的牌子含有错误的组合，他亦必须维持这些状况而不可中途作出任何更正。

34.7.   The false win as described in art. 33.4 is not a winning hand, therefore penalty is paid only as stipulated. If a false win is declared on an exposed pai, anyone can further declare win on the same exposed pai and receive scores in accordance with other applicable stipulations. If no winning hand is declared after a false win, the game is considered completed and the jonga retirement will take place.    第33.4条所述的诈胡不是胡牌，故绩分只可以按照该罚则的规定支付。若诈胡是由于别人开出的牌而产生，则任何人均可继续按照相关的规定取得该牌而报胡牌，并收取绩分。若在诈胡之后没有其它人报胡牌，该盘游戏便算完结而庄家则须过庄。

CHAPTER NINE    第九章

RULES ADOPTED TO MAHJONG CARDS    适用于卡片麻将的规则

35.   The stipulations of this Chapter apply only to games played with the use of mahjong cards.    本章所列规则只适用于以卡片麻将进行的游戏。

36.   The stipulations set out in articles 10.1 and 10.2 regarding SHUFFLING THE PAIS and STACKING THE PAIS are to be replaced by the stipulations of this article:    第10.1条和第10.2条关于"洗牌"和"码牌"的规则由本条下列规则代替：

36.1.   Pies are to be shuffled by a specific player only: If it is the start of the first game of a four-round period, the one who has got the pai of East as per art. 8 shall shuffle the pais; if it is a new game as the continuation of the play, the jonga of the game shall shuffle the pais.    洗牌的工作由一指定的人执行：若这是四圈时段的第一盘游戏的开始，则按照第8条取得东风牌的人得执行洗牌的工作；若这是继续进程中新的一盘游戏，则该盘游戏的庄家得执行洗牌的工作。

36.2.   The aim of shuffling the pais is to mix them thoroughly so that no one can recognize them anymore. After being shuffled, the pais are placed in the centre of the table in one stack and all other players may then cut the pais, by then the jonga may not be allowed to cut or shuffle the pais any more.    洗牌的目的是要将牌混合透切而令到无人可以再作辨认。洗牌完成之后，牌子将成一迭放在台的中央让其它人切牌，这时庄家不得再切牌或洗牌。

37.   The procedures related to the CASTING OF DICE as per art. 10.3 remain the same, except that the determination of a starting wall is now omitted.    第10.3条关于掷骰的步骤不变，唯决定"起庄牌墙"的步骤则省略。

38.   The stipulations set out in art. 10.4 regarding DEALING OF PAIS are to be replaced by the stipulations of this article:    第10.4条有关"发牌"的规则由本条下列规则代替：

38.1.   Dealing of pais shall be performed by the jonga only. To begin, the jonga shall remove a number of pais equivalent to the number of dice obtained as per art. 10.3 from the top and place them to the bottom of all pais (placement sequence of the removed pais is irrelevant).    发牌的工作得由庄家单独执行。开始时，庄家须从迭顶抽出与第10.3条所得掷骰点数相同数目的牌放到所有牌的迭底（放置抽出的牌子的顺序并无规定）。

38.2.   From this stage and for the purposes of These Rules where pais are to be drawn from the wall, the stacked cards is still called the wall and the first pai on the top of the stacked cards is defined as the head as well as the tail. All pais being drawn either from the head or from the tail throughout the game must be drawn from the top of the stacked cards downwards.    由这时开始，在执行本规则有关从牌墙取牌的规定时，迭起的牌栋仍得称为牌墙，在迭顶的第一张牌得称为牌头亦同时称为牌尾。在整盘游戏中每次须要从牌头或牌尾取牌时都必须由迭顶向下取牌。

38.3.   By now the jonga may start to deal the pais, from the top of the stack and starting from the jonga in the anti-clockwise direction, each player is dealt with 1 pai at a time until the jonga is dealt with 14 pais and each of the other three players is dealt with 13 pais. The dealing of pais is then completed.    这时庄家可以开始发牌，由迭顶开始并由庄家以逆时针方向顺序，每人每次发牌1张，直到庄家得牌14张而其余三人各得牌13张。发牌的工作到此完成。

38.4.   It is the responsibility of each player to ensure that the correct quantity of pais is dealt to his hand as per art. 38.3. Any shortage or excess must be claimed at once and the game may then be aborted, and be resumed starting from the shuffling of pais again.    确保自己手牌已按照第38.3条规定获发正确数目的牌是各人自己的责任。任何不足或过多的申诉必须马上作出，而该盘游戏则须因此中断，并再次经由洗牌的步骤重新开始。

38.5.   Before the discard of the first pai the jonga shall ask if any player has a claim of shortage or excess of pais being dealt. The jonga is, however, not responsible as to whether such notice has been given.    庄家在打出第一张牌之前应征询是否有人须要申诉获发少牌或多牌。但是，庄家无须对是否已作出该项征询负责。

38.6.   After the first pai has been discarded by the jonga, the game shall continue and no claim of shortage or excess will be entertained and any dispute as to whether a notice as per art. 38.5 has been given shall not be entertained either.    当庄家打出第一张牌之后，该盘游戏得继续进行，少牌或多牌的申诉将不予受理，而任何关于庄家有没有按照第38.5条作出征询的争议亦不得受理。

39.   After having dealt the pais, the jonga shall place the remaining pais in the centre of the table and the game may then proceed according to stipulations of art. 10.5.    在发牌之后，庄家须将牌迭放置在台的中央，而游戏则按照第10.5条进行。

Schedule One    附件一